La Jolla, San Diego, California

La Jolla
—  Community of San Diego  —
Panoramic view of La Jolla from the Torrey Pines cliffs
Nickname(s): Jewel City
Country	United States
State	California
County	County of San Diego
City	City of San Diego
Population (2004)[1]
- Total	42,808
ZIP Code	92037
Area code(s)	858
Website	LaJollaByTheSea.com

La Jolla (pronounced /ləˈhɔɪ.ə/ lə-HOY-ə) is a hilly seaside resort community, occupying 7 miles (11 km) of curving coastline along the Pacific Ocean in Southern California within the northern city limits of San Diego, California. The 2004 estimated population was 42,808.^[1] La Jolla is surrounded on three sides by ocean bluffs and beaches^[2] and is located 12 miles (19 km) north of Downtown San Diego, and 40 miles (64 km) south of Orange County California,^[3][4] The climate is mild, with an average daily temperature of 70.5 °F (21.4 °C)^[5][6][7] The economic engines of La Jolla are tourism, dining, and shopping.^[2][8][9]

The University of California, San Diego (UCSD) is located in La Jolla, as are the Salk Institute, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and the headquarters of National University (though its academic campuses are elsewhere).

According to U.S. Census Bureau figures, the ethnic/racial makeup of La Jolla is 82.5% white, 0.8% black, 0.2% American Indian, 11.2% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 2.0% some other race, and 3.1% two or more races. Latinos, who may be of any race, form 7.2% of La Jolla's population.

Demarcation

View from Horseshoe

The community's border starts at Pacific Beach to the south and extends along the Pacific Ocean shoreline north to include Torrey Pines State Reserve ending at Del Mar, California. La Jolla encompasses neighborhoods^[10] including Bird Rock, Windansea Beach, the commercial center known as the Village of La Jolla, La Jolla Shores, La Jolla Farms, Muirlands, Torrey Pines, and Mount Soledad to name a few.

The City of San Diego defines the community's eastern boundary as Gilman Drive, former Highway US 101, with the exception of some of the University of California, San Diego (UCSD)^[11] and the northern boundary as La Jolla Village Drive.^[12]

The U.S. Postal Service defines a somewhat larger area as it assigned the community the 92037 ZIP code recognizing it as a historically and geographically distinct area. This unique ZIP code allows addresses to read La Jolla, CA and is the only community within the City of San Diego so recognized. This nomenclature sometimes leads to the erroneous conclusions that it is a separate city or that its schools are part of a nonexistent "La Jolla School District". The 92037 zip code extends the northeasterly boundary to Genesee Avenue and the northerly boundary to Del Mar, California. The UCSD campus, although it is part of La Jolla, has the ZIP code 92093.

Community groups

The La Jolla Community Planning Association ^[13] advises the City Council, Planning Commission, City Planning Department as well as other Governmental agency as appropriate in the initial preparation, adoption of, implementation of, or amendment to the General or Community Plan as it pertains to the La Jolla area as well as review specific development proposals.^[14] The nonprofit La Jolla Town Council^[15] represents the interests of La Jolla businesses and residents that belong to the Council. The Bird Rock Community Council^[16] serves the Bird Rock neighborhood, while the La Jolla Shores Association ^[17] serves the La Jolla Shores neighborhood.

Community organizations include Independent La Jolla,^[18] a membership-based citizens group seeking to secede from the city of San Diego. Service clubs in La Jolla include Kiwanis, Rotary, La Jolla Woman's Club^[19] and the Social Service League of La Jolla^[20] to name a few.

History

La Jolla

Origin of the name

Local Native Americans, the Kumeyaay, called this location mat kulaaxuuy [mat kəlaːxuːj], 'land of holes' (mat = 'land').^[21] What sort of topographic feature the description "holes" refers to is uncertain, but it may be the sea-level caves on the north facing bluffs which are visible from La Jolla Shores. This was apparently corrupted by the Spanish occupiers to "La Jolla". An alternate suggested origin is that the name is a corruption of the Spanish La Joya, meaning "the jewel". Although disputed by scholars, this origin of the name is widely cited in popular culture, and has given rise to the nickname "Jewel City."^{[22][23][24][25]}

Timeline

Some significant events in La Jolla's history:^[26][27]

• 1850 - the area of La Jolla was incorporated into the City of San Diego
• 1880s - the area was surveyed and subdivided by Frank Botsford, "the father of La Jolla"
• 1890s - railroad arrives in La Jolla
• 1893 - the La Jolla Park Hotel opened
• 1909 - The Bishop's School was founded
• 1911 - electricity came to La Jolla with 4 customers
• 1912 - the first motion picture in town was shown
• 1913 - the first La Jolla Light newspaper was printed and the Orient Theater opened on Girard and Wall
• 1922 - La Jolla High School was founded
• 1926 - La Valencia Hotel opened and La Jolla Country Day School started
• 1944 - the first stop sign was installed at Girard Avenue and Torrey Pines Road

Antisemitism

From its beginnings to the early 1960s, La Jolla was marketed by developers as a bastion of isolation and exclusivity. Antisemitic housing practices began in 1926 with the development of La Jolla Shores. In La Jolla Shores and La Jolla Hermosa, only people with pure European ancestry could own property (this excludes Jews, who are originally of middle eastern extraction), and housing notices included racist comments against Jews and other minority groups. Housing restrictions were thought to be enough to keep "undesirable" ethnic groups from living in La Jolla, until the 1948 Supreme Court case Shelley v. Kraemer prohibited such restrictive covenants. After the ruling, real estate companies used less obvious tactics to keep Jewish people out of La Jolla. Real estate agents would be fired if they sold a house to Jewish clients. There were no for-sale signs put up on properties, requiring the prospective buyer to go to a real estate office to find out what was available. If an agent suspected that a potential home buyer was a Jew, they would demand higher down payments and display green cards on their dashboards marked with the Star of David to warn the seller. The sellers would also send codes to their real estate agents; if their porch lights were on during the day, they did not want Jewish buyers.^[28]

By 1962, however, La Jolla, and the non-restrictive La Jolla Scenic Heights in particular, had a substantial Jewish population due to talk of establishing UCSD in the area. The university would bring many Jewish professors, who would need to live in nearby areas such as La Jolla. In the words of UCSD patriarch Roger Revelle, "You can't have a university without having Jewish professors. The Real Estate Broker's Association and their supporters in La Jolla had to make up their minds whether they wanted a university or an anti-Semitic covenant. You couldn't have both."^[29] Today, there are three large synagogues in La Jolla, and over 60 percent of San Diego Jews live in La Jolla or farther north. Due to UCSD, La Jolla now boasts a large and thriving Jewish population.^[30]

Neighborhoods

• La Jolla Farms - the homes on top of the cliffs above Black's Beach and adjacent to the western boundary of the UCSD campus.
• La Jolla Shores - the residential area and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography campus along La Jolla Shores beach and east up the hillside. Also includes a small business district of shops and restaurants along Avenida de la Playa.
• La Jolla Heights - the homes on the hills overlooking La Jolla Shores. No businesses.
• Hidden Valley - lower portion of Mount Soledad on the northern slopes. No businesses.
• Country Club - lower Mount Soledad on the north-west side, including the La Jolla Country Club golf course.
• Village - a.k.a. Village of La Jolla (not to be confused with La Jolla Village) the "downtown" business district area, including most of La Jolla's shops and restaurants, and the immediately surrounding higher density and single family residential areas.
• Beach-Barber Tract - the coastal section from Windansea Beach to the Village. A few shops and restaurants along La Jolla Boulevard.
• Lower Hermosa - coastal strip south of Beach-Barber Tract. No businesses.
• Bird Rock - southern/coastal La Jolla, and the very lowest slopes of Mt Soledad in the area. Notable for shops and restaurants along La Jolla Boulevard, five traffic roundabouts on La Jolla Boulevard, coastal bluffs, and surfing areas just two blocks off the main drag.
• Muirlands - relatively large area on western middle slope of Mt. Soledad. No businesses.
• La Jolla Mesa - A strip on the lower southern side of Mt. Soledad, bordering Pacific Beach.
• La Jolla Alta - A master planned development east of La Jolla Mesa.
• Soledad South - Southeastern slopes of Mount Soledad, all the way up to the top, east of La Jolla Alta.
• Muirlands West - The neighborhood between Muirlands to the south, and Country Club - to the north.
• Upper Hermosa - North of Bird Rock, east of La Jolla Blvd.
• La Jolla Village - (not to be confused with the Village of La Jolla) - north-east of La Jolla, east of La Jolla Heights, west of I-5, and south of UCSD. This neighborhood's namesake, The La Jolla Village Square shopping and residential mall, including two movie theatres, is located here. It should be noted that The Village (of La Jolla) and La Jolla Village are not at all the same; The Village is the heart of La Jolla proper; La Jolla Village has taken the name but is in the neighboring community of University City.

Education

UCSD's distinctive Geisel Library, named for Theodor Seuss Geisel ("Dr. Seuss") and featured in UCSD's logo.

Higher education

The University of California, San Diego is the center of higher education in La Jolla. The campus's original name was UC La Jolla before it was changed to UC San Diego. UCSD includes the Scripps Institution of Oceanography and the San Diego Supercomputer Center.

National University is also headquartered in La Jolla, with several academic campuses located throughout the county and the state. Among the several research institutes near UCSD and in the nearby Torrey Pines Science Park are The Scripps Research Institute, the Burnham Institute (formerly called the La Jolla Cancer Research Foundation) and the Salk Institute.

Other schools

La Jolla is served by the San Diego City Schools. Public schools include La Jolla High School, La Jolla Elementary, which was the first public school, built in 1896 with the first classes in the Heald Store at the corner of Herschel Avenue and Wall Street but then moved to its present location on Girard Avenue, Torrey Pines Elementary, and Bird Rock Elementary, as well as The Preuss School UCSD, a public charter school. The community's prep schools are The Bishop's School, which was the first private school opened in 1909, The Children's School, Integral Elementary School of La Jolla, Delphi Academy, Stella Maris Academy, All Hallows Academy, The Gillispie School, and the Evans School. La Jolla Country Day School is located in the nearby community of University City.

Landscape

La Jolla, like most of Southern California, is an area of great natural beauty with a mixture of geology - sandy beaches and rocky shorelines good for a variety of outdoor activities. The area has a number of public beaches and parks, as well as shopping areas. The area is occasionally susceptible to flooding and ocean storms, as occurred in January 2010.^[31]

Beaches

Wipeout Beach

The most compelling geographical highlight of La Jolla is its ocean front, with alternating rugged and sandy coast line and wild seal congregations. Popular sandy beaches, dotting the coastline from the south to the north, are:

• Windansea Beach
• Wipeout Beach
• Children's Pool Beach
• La Jolla Cove
• Boomers Beach
• La Jolla Beach and Tennis Club
• La Jolla Shores
• Scripps
• Black's Beach (a de facto nude beach leading up to Torrey Pines State Reserve)

Mount Soledad

The cross on Mount Soledad

Mount Soledad is covered with the narrow roads that follow its contours and hundreds of homes overlooking the ocean on its slopes. It is the home of the large concrete Mount Soledad Easter Cross built in 1954, later designated a Korean War Memorial, that became the center of a controversy over the display of religious symbols on government property.

Religious institutions

• All Hallows Church^[32]
• Assembly of God^[32]
• Christian Science Church^[32]
• Congregational Church (the first church built, which burned down in 1915 and was re-built in 1916 on 1216 Cave Street)^[32]
• First Baptist Church
• La Jolla Lutheran Church^[32]
• La Jolla Presbyterian Church^[32]
• La Jolla Religious Society of Friends^[32]
• La Jolla United Methodist Church^[32]
• Mary, Star of the Sea Catholic church^[32]
• Prince Chapel By The Sea AMC^[32]
• St. James By-The-Sea Episcopal^[32]
• St. John Church of God in Christ^[32]
• Torrey Pines Christian Church^[32]
• University Lutheran Church^[32]
• Congregation Beth El^[32]
• Congregation Adat Yeshurun^[32]
• Chabad Jewish Center of La Jolla

Attractions and activities

La Jolla is the location of Torrey Pines Golf Course, site each January or February of a PGA Tour event formerly known as the Buick Invitational and now (since 2010) called the Farmers Insurance Open.^[33] In 2008, Torrey Pines also hosted the 2008 U.S. Open. Nearby are the de facto nude beach, Black's Beach, and the Torrey Pines Gliderport.^[34]

Downtown La Jolla is noted for jewelry stores, boutiques, upmarket restaurants and hotels. Prospect Street and Girard Avenue are also shopping and dining districts.

Museum of Contemporary Art - La Jolla

The Museum of Contemporary Art, founded in 1941, is located just above the waterfront in what was originally the 1915 residence of philanthropist Ellen Browning Scripps. The museum has a permanent collection with more than 3,500 post-1950 American and European works, including paintings, works on paper, sculptures, photographic art, design objects and video works.^[32]. The museum was renamed Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego in 1990 to recognize its regional significance.

Beaches and ocean access include Windansea Beach, La Jolla Shores, La Jolla Cove and Children's Pool Beach. For many years, La Jolla has been the host of a rough water swim at La Jolla Cove.^[35]

Landmarks

• Grande Colonial Hotel
• La Jolla Historical Society
• La Valencia (Cabrillo) Hotel
• La Jolla Women's Club
• Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego (Ellen Browning Scripps residence)
• The 12 Green Dragon Buildings
• Bed & Breakfast Inn at La Jolla
• The Bishops School
• Mt. Soledad Memorial

Notable residents

La Jolla has been the home to many notable people, including prominent scientists, business people, artists, writers and performers.

See also

• San Diego Historical Landmarks in La Jolla, California

Notes

References

• Langdon, Margaret. 1970. A grammar of Diegueno: the Mesa Grande dialect. Berkeley: University of California Press.
• Schaelchlin, Patricia. 1988. La Jolla: The Story of a Community 1897-1987. La Jolla: Friends of the La Jolla Library.

External links

• La Jolla Blue Book Community Directory
• SANDAG population and housing estimates (PDF)
• La Jolla Community Planning Association
• La Jolla Light Newspaper
• National University
• La Jolla Town Council
• La Jolla Shores Association - serving the La Jolla Shores community
• La Jolla High School
• Muirlands Middle School
• La Jolla Elementary School
• Bird Rock Elementary School
• Bird Rock - a neighborhood of La Jolla
• La Jolla Neighborhood Guide